Cold-water protection

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[edit] General Information

Water draws heat from the body 25 times faster than air. Like windchill, the effects of cold water increase when the current is fast. Sudden immersion in snowmelt or spring runoff is extremely debilitating, causing a substantial loss of strength, coordination, and judgment rather quickly. Prolonged exposure can lead to hypothermia. All cold-weather canyoneers should select the gear needed for the insulation required to stay warm.

Drysuits and wetsuits both work effectively in cold water. In a wetsuit, air is trapped inside the neoprene material, and the suit fits snugly enough to keep most cold water out. What little water gets inside is quickly warmed by the user's body heat. Drysuits create an actual barrier between the environment and the paddler, eliminating that initial "cold-water shock." Paddling drysuits are made of a waterproof material with latex seals at the neck, wrists, and ankles. The canyoneer regulates the inside temperature by adding or removing layers of insulation, such as pile or polypropylene. In milder weather, a water-proof shell top or paddle jacket can be combined with pile clothing or a wetsuit for comfort.

The first goal is to protect the torso, which shelters the "core" of the body. The greatest heat loss occurs in the armpits and crotch. Next, pay special attention to the extremities. The head radiates a surprising amount of heat. If the helmet alone is not warm enough, pile or neoprene liners can be worn inside. Neoprene booties cover the canyoneer's feet, but the sole is not thick enough to be used alone. One alternative is to wear lightweight neoprene socks inside sneakers. In cold weather a canyoneer's hands quickly lose the strength and sensitivity needed for effective rope handling. Neoprene gloves or mittens are one answer; mittens are warmer than gloves, but are clearly not good for rope handling. In borderline weather, carry hand protection along for possible use later in the day.